Chapter 12 Empires in East Asia Guided Reading

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Chapter 12 Empires in East Asia

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Chapter 12 Empires in East Asia

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Chapter 12Empires in East Asia • Chapter Objective • Study East Asian empires and analyze the movement of people and ideas among them.
Lesson 1: Tang and Song China • Objectives for the lesson: • Identify the main rulers of the Tang Dynasty. • Describe the causes & effects of the Song Dynasty's retreat to the south. • Summarize the achievements of the Tang & Song empires. • Describe changes in Chinese society.
Timeline of Chinese Dynasties Han
The Tang Dynasty Expands China TANG TAIZONG WU ZHAO
Tang Rulers' Accomplishments to Expand China • Under their reign of nearly 300 years: • Regained lands previous lost from battles; in addition, Korea • Strengthened their central government • Promoted trade and commerce • Restored the civil service system • Exam taken to be employed; helped gain social status
Fall of the Tang Dynasty • 3 Factors leading to the fall of the Tang Dynasty: • Imposition of heavy taxes • Inability to maintain order • Series of internal rebellions
The Song Dynasty Restores China • TAIZU • Founding member of the Song Dynasty • His dynasty ruled a smaller China • Trading under his dynasty helped keep the empire prosperous
Science & Technology Under Both Dynasties GUNPOWDER MOVABLE TYPE (video attached)
Science & Technology Under Both Dynasties PORCELAIN MAGNETIC COMPASS
Science & Technology Under Both Dynasties PAPER MONEY MECHANICAL CLOCK • They also made advances in arithmetic & algebra, such as using negative numbers.
Other Advancements AGRICULTURE TRADE & FOREIGN CONTACTS Chinese had great sea power The magnetic compass allowed them to expand sea trade Allowed Chinese to exchanged cultural & religious ideas with each other • Variety of fast-ripening rice was imported from Vietnam, allowing farmers to produce more food to feed China's expanding population.
Other Advancements POETRY DAOIST ART • Li Bo wrote about life's pleasures. • Tu Fu wrote about orderliness, Confucian virtues, & soldiers' hardships in war. Temple on a Mountain Ledge by Kuncan (circa 1661 )
Changes in Chinese Society • Levels of Society • Gentry • Gained social status through employment & education • Urban middle class • Merchants, shopkeepers, skilled artisans, minor officials, & others • Bottom class • Laborers, soldiers, servants
The Status of Women Lily-foot: Upper class girls' feet was bound to reflect wealth & prestige of their husband. Women are subservient to men.
Lesson 2: The Mongol Conquests • Nomads tended to move west & south across the steppe because of climate.
The Nomadic Way of Life • Mongol nomads traveled by clans - claimed membership through a common ancestor • These pastoralists depended on their animals for food, clothing, & housing.
The Rise of the Mongols • Genghis Khan (1162? – 1227) • Formerly known as Temujinuntil he accepted this title for uniting the Mongol people around 1200. • Title means "universal ruler" • Brilliant military strategist and organizer
The Mongol Empire • Genghis Khan's successors further expanded the Mongol Empire into Russia, Korea, and Persia. • It became the largest unified empire in history.
What do you believe made Mongols successful in building an empire? • They had a strong leader, Genghis Khan, due to his talent and skills. • They were accustomed to scarcity & hardship of nomadic life. • They used cruelty as their weapon of intimidation. • They were able to maintain control of the huge empire by dividing it into 4 khanates. • They imposed peace & stability & encouraged trade.
Lesson 3: The Mongol Empire KUBLAI KHAN • Biography • Grandson of Genghis Khan • Lived most of his life in China instead Mongolia (wasn't a nomad) • His Rule • Became Great Khan in 1260, which meant he ruled whole empire. • Founder of the Yuan Dynasty. • Moved the capital from Mongolia to Beijing in China. • United China for the 1st time in 300 years.
Kublai Khan's failure to take Japan • Up until WWII, Kublai's 2 invasions of Japan was the largest seaborne invasion in history. • Japan believed it was divine intervention, the kamikaze (divine winds), that saved them from the Mongols.
Mongol Rule in China • Government • Posts were given either to Mongols or foreigners • Mongols felt Chinese were dishonest • Infrastructure • Rebuilt & extended the Grand Canal • Ensured steady supply of food between north & south
Mongol Rule in China • Foreign Trade flourishes • Foreign traders were invited by Kublai Khan • Marco Polo was a European trader who became a personal aide to Kublai Khan. • Traders mainly used Silk Roads to travel to & from China. • Popular trade products were Chinese silk and inventions MARCO POLO
The End of Mongol Rule • Causes that weakened & ended the empire • Death of Kublai Khan, causing differences between family members • Overtaxed Chinese citizens • Government corruption • Overspending on war, public works, & luxuries • Chinese rebellions • Chinese rebels eventually overthrew the Yuan Dynasty.
Lesson 4: Feudal Powers in Japan
Geography of Japan • Archipelagoof 4,000 islands: • 4 Main Islands • Hokkaido • Honshu • Shikoku • Kyushu
Early Japan • Origin of Name • RI-BEN: "origin of the sun" or "land of the rising sun" • Faith • Shinto: Believed in kami (divine spirits) • Spirits were believed to live in a beautiful tree, waterfall, rock, or mountain.
Japanese Culture: Cultural Borrowing from China • Buddhism • Introduced by Korean immigrants • Japanese blended their Shinto beliefs with Buddhism • Koreans brought "Chinese influence". • Most of Chinese practice influenced Japan except for the civil service system.
Life in the Heian Period • Heian Period (794 – 1185) • Capital of Japan: Heian (now called Kyoto) • Highly refined court society arose • Rules dictated every aspect of life • All were expected to write poetry & paint • Picture at right: The Tale of Genji, written by Lady Murasaki, was the first known novel.
Feudalism Erodes Imperial Authority • Decline of Central Power • Large landowners set up private armies • These landowners became warlords • Japan became lawless and dangerous • Wars between warlords became commonplace • Small farmers exchanged parts of their land to warlords in exchange for protection.
Warriors in Feudal Japan • Samurai • Worked for warlords • Lived by Bushido • They believed in dying an honorable death • Committed suicide rather than face dishonor or defeat
The Kamakura Shogunate • Shogun • Had powers of a military dictator • Yoritomo (at left) was the first shogun • Kamakura shoguns were the rulers when Kublai Khan twice tried to invade Japan.
Lesson 5: Kingdoms of Southeast Asia & Korea
Southeast Asia's Geography • Land • Lies between the Indian & Pacific Oceans • Made up of 2 main parts: Indochina & the Islands • Started south of China (Dai Viet aka Vietnam) stretching all the way almost to Australia • Climate • Warm, humid tropics • Seasonal monsoons
Influence of India and China on Southeast Asia • Influenced by India & China in: • Political system • Religion (Hindu & Buddhism) • Art and Language Right: Vishnu, Hindu supreme god
Khmer Empire and Srivijaya Empire KHMER EMPIRE SRIVIJAYA EMPIRE Ruled the Strait of Malacca & around the waters of Sumatra, Borneo, & Java. Capital was Palembang Center of Buddhist learning Prospered through taxing trade • Main power of Southeast Asia • Prospered through rice cultivation • Capital was Angkor • Location of Angkor Wat • Now called Cambodia
Ly Dynasty Accomplishments in Ruling Dai Viet • Dai Viet (Vietnam) was more influenced by China than India. • Capital was Hanoi, which held a strong central government. • Improved road/river transportation • Promoted agriculture & trade. Ly Thai To – 1st Vietnamese emperor of Ly Dynasty
View Vietnam and Korea
Korea's Geography • Land • Peninsula stretching from Asian mainland toward Japan. • Mountainous & surrounded by sea, they were somewhat isolated • Climate • Experiences the four seasons
Koryu Dynasty & Culture in Korea • Influenced mainly by China • Political systems • Despite civil service system, noble people still had the best positions. • Survived Mongol occupation • Late overthrown by Yi Dynasty • Culture best known in art • Celadon Pottery • Wooden blocks for Buddhist scriptures Wang Kon – founder of Koryu Dynasty
Korean Culture (L): Celadon pottery