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Chapter 29 Section 3 a Global Conflict Guided Reading

Ditulis Sabtu, 20 November 2021 Tulis Komentar Edit

Wikipedia list article

Detailed map of ongoing armed conflicts

The following is a list of ongoing armed conflicts that are taking place around the world.

List parameters

This list of ongoing armed conflicts identifies present-day conflicts and the death toll associated with each conflict. The guidelines of inclusion are the following:

  • Armed conflicts consist in the use of armed force between two or more organized armed groups, governmental or non-governmental.[1] Interstate, intrastate and non-state armed conflicts are listed.
  • This is not a list of countries by intentional homicide rate, and criminal gang violence is generally not included unless there is also significant military or paramilitary involvement.
  • Fatality figures include battle-related deaths (military and civilian) as well as civilians intentionally targeted by the parties to an armed conflict. Only direct deaths resulting from violence are included for the current and past year; excess deaths indirectly resulting from famine, disease, or disruption of services are included along with violent deaths in the cumulative fatalities count when available.
  • Listed conflicts have at least 100 cumulative deaths in total and at least 1 death in current or in the past calendar year.
  • Fatality totals may be inaccurate or unavailable due to a lack of information. A figure with a take sign indicates that at least that many people have died (e.g. 455+ indicates that at least 455 people have died).
  • Location refers to the states where the main violence takes place, not to the warring parties. Italics indicate disputed territories and unrecognized states.
  • A territorial dispute or a protest movement which has not experienced deliberate and systemic deaths due to state or paramilitary violence is not considered to be an armed conflict.

The 4 conflicts in the following list have caused at least 10,000 direct, violent deaths per year in battles between identified groups, in a current or past calendar year.[2]

Start of conflict Conflict Continent Location Cumulative fatalities Fatalities in 2020 Fatalities in 2021
1978 Afghanistan conflict
  • Islamic State–Taliban conflict
  • Anti-Taliban conflict
 Asia Afghanistan 1,405,111–2,084,468 (1978–2020)[3] [4] [5] [6] 20,797 [7] [8]–20,836 41,526 [9] [10] [11] [12]
2006 Mexican drug war
  • Infighting in the Gulf Cartel
  • Infighting in Los Zetas
  • Piracy on Falcon Lake
 North America Mexico 60,373 dead in battles 1989–2020[13] (350,000–400,000 homicide victims in organized crime 2006–2021)[14] 34,512 [15] 7,255[16]–25,392[17]
2011 Yemeni Crisis
  • Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)
  • Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen
  • Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict
  • Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen
 Asia Yemen
Saudi Arabia 		26,006 (2014–2020)[18]–233,000[19] [20] [21] 2,719 [18]–19,787 [a] [22] [23] 17,959[9]
2020 Tigray War
  • 2020–2021 Ethiopian–Sudanese clashes
 Africa Eritrea
Ethiopia
Sudan 		22,200–52,000[24] [25] 3,836 [26]–4,269 [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] 18,200[36] [37] [35] [24] [25]

The 19 conflicts in the following list have caused at least 1,000 and fewer than 10,000 direct, violent deaths in a current or past calendar year.[2] Conflicts causing at least 1,000 deaths in one calendar year are considered wars by the Uppsala Conflict Data Program.[38]

Start of conflict Conflict Continent Location Cumulative fatalities Fatalities in 2020 Fatalities in 2021
1948 Internal conflict in Myanmar
  • Kachin conflict
  • Karen conflict
  • Rohingya conflict
  • Conflict in Rakhine State
 Asia Myanmar 130,000[39]–210,000[40] 195 [41] –653[42] [9] 7,874[9]
1964 Colombian conflict
  • Catatumbo campaign (2018–present)
  • 2021 Apure clashes
 South America Colombia
Venezuela 		220,000[43] [44] 831[9] 1,272[9]
1973 Oromo conflict Africa Ethiopia 1,600–8,900[45] 420[46] [47] [48] 1,865[49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55]
1988 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
  • 2021 Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis
 Asia Artsakh
Azerbaijan 		39,000–49,000+[n 1] 7,646 [61]–7,748[62] [63] [64] [65] 36+[9]
1991 Somali Civil War
  • Current phase
  • Operation Atalanta
 Africa Somalia
Kenya 		503,000+[66] 2,120[67]–3,438[68] [22] [69] [70] [71] [72] 3,178[73] [9] [74]
1996 Allied Democratic Forces insurgency Africa Democratic Republic of the Congo
Uganda 		3,424[n 2] 900[n 3] [9] [78] 2,089[79] [80] [81] [82]
1998 Communal conflicts in Nigeria Africa Nigeria 17,156[n 4] 600[86] [87] [9] [88] 1,120[89]
1999 Ituri conflict Africa Democratic Republic of the Congo 63,770[90] 1,750[91] [92] [93] [94] [95] [96] [97] [98] [9] [99] 1,360[9]
2002 Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present) Africa Algeria
Burkina Faso
Chad
Libya
Mali
Niger
Tunisia 		25,000+ 7,047[n 5] [22] [9] [100] 3,563[101] [102] [9] [103]
2003 War in Darfur Africa Sudan Sudan 300,000+ 789[104] [105] [106] [9] 1,092[9] [107]
2003 Iraq conflict
  • Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)
 Asia Iraq 326,000–1,215,000+ killed overall[108] [109] [nb 1] 911 [110]–2,716[111] [112] 2,336[9]
2004 Kivu conflict Africa Democratic Republic of the Congo
Rwanda
Burundi 		21,000+[22] 3,350[113] [114] [115] [116] [9] [117] 1,857[80] [79] [9] [118] [119] [120] [121]
2009 Boko Haram insurgency Africa Nigeria
Cameroon
Niger
Chad 		350,000[122] 4,829[123]–8,200[n 6] [9] [124] 7,101[125] [126] [127] [128] [9]
2011 Syrian Civil War
  • Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian Civil War
  • Syrian–Turkish border clashes during the Syrian civil war
  • Rojava conflict
  • Rojava–Islamist conflict
  • Daraa insurgency
 Asia Syria 495,000–606,000+[129] 5,675 [130]–8,205[131] [132] 5,250[133] [89]
2011 Libyan crisis Africa Libya 30,000–43,000[n 7] 689 [137]–1,509[22] [138] [139] [140] [141] [142] [143] [144] [145] [146] 92[89]
2011 Ethnic violence in South Sudan Africa South Sudan 385,000–400,000+[147] [148] 734 [149]–2,380[150] [151] [152] [153] [154] [9] 1,761[9]
2012 Mali War Africa Mali 13,500+[155] [156] 1,483 [157]–2,849[9] 1,637[158] [159] [9]
2012 Central African Republic Civil War Africa Central African Republic 8,000+[75] 441[22] 1,224[9]
2017 Insurgency in Cabo Delgado Africa Mozambique
Tanzania 		4,000+[n 8] 1,632 [174]–1,825[175] [176] [177] [172] [178] [179] [180] [181] [22] [182] 996[9]

The 25 conflicts in the following list have caused at least 100, and fewer than 1,000, direct, violent deaths in a current or past calendar year.

Start of conflict Conflict Continent Location Cumulative fatalities Fatalities in 2020 Fatalities in 2021
1947 Indo-Pakistani Wars
  • Insurgency in Kashmir
 Asia India
Pakistan 		200,000–2,000,000[183] [b] [184] 750[n 9] [c] [188] [189] 508[9]
1948 Insurgency in Balochistan
  • Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency
 Asia Pakistan
Iran 		20,289–20,589+[n 10] 500[195] [189] [d] 540[196]
1948 Israeli–Palestinian conflict
  • Gaza–Israel conflict
 Asia Gaza Strip
Israel
Lebanon 		27,000[197] 41[198] [199] [200] [201] [202] [203] [204] 386[205] [206] [207] [208] [209] [210] [211]
1954 Insurgency in Northeast India
  • Assam separatist movements
  • Insurgency in Manipur
  • Ethnic conflict in Nagaland
 Asia India 40,000[212] 25[80] 41–100[213] [214]
1960 Katanga insurgency Africa DR Congo 1,934+[22] 168[22] 10[89]
1960 South Thailand insurgency Asia Thailand 7,201[215] 121[216] [217] [218] [219] [220] [221] [222] [223] [224] [225] [226] [227] 61[89] [228] [229]
1962 Papua conflict Oceania Indonesia 100,000–500,000[230] 126[231] 116[232]
1967 Naxalite–Maoist insurgency Asia India 12,877–14,369+[233] [234] 500[235] [236] [189] 163–475[237] [214]
1969 Moro conflict Asia Philippines 120,000–150,000[238] 500[239] [240] [241] [242] [243] [244] 135[89]
1969 Communist rebellion in the Philippines Asia Philippines 43,388+[245] 500[246] [247] [248] [249] 425[9]
1984 Kurdish–Turkish conflict
  • Kurdish–Turkish conflict (2015–present)
 Asia Turkey
Iraq
Syria 		55,000–60,000[250] [251] 543[252] [253] [254] [255] [256] [257] 259[89] [258] [259]
2004 Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Asia Pakistan 45,265+[n 11] 209[79] 114–420[89] [266]
2011 Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile Africa Sudan Sudan 7,166[22] 150[22] 180[9]
2011 Sinai insurgency Africa Egypt 5,853–7,353+[267] 562[22] 5[89]
2011 Nigerian bandit conflict Africa Nigeria Nigeria 12,000+[268] 937[269] 790[270] [271] [272]
2013 Insurgency in Egypt Africa Egypt 5,800+[75] [273] 626[n 12] [9] [274] 218[9] [275]
2014 Russo-Ukrainian War
  • War in Donbas
 Europe Ukraine 13,000–13,200[276] 113[277] 140[9]
2016 Philippine drug war Asia Philippines Philippines 6,155+ 400[278] [279] [280] [244] 485[9]
2017 Anglophone Crisis Africa Cameroon 6,000+[281] 530[n 13] 720[n 14]
2018 Bangladesh drug war Asia Bangladesh 583+[9] 278[9] 290[9]
2019 2019–2021 Persian Gulf crisis Asia Iran
Iraq
Saudi Arabia 		283 220[282] [283] 34[284] [285] [286] [287] [288]
2019 Benishangul-Gumuz conflict Africa Ethiopia 1322 437[289] [290] [291] [292] 925[293] [294]
2020 Afar–Somali clashes Africa Ethiopia 577 27[295] 550[296] [297]
2021 Conflict in the Niger Delta
  • Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria
 Africa Nigeria 270[298] [299] [300] 0 270[301] [302]
2021 Insurgency in Northern Chad Africa Chad 305 0 305[303]

Skirmishes and clashes (fewer than 100 deaths in current or past year)

The 12 conflicts in the following list have caused fewer than 100 direct, violent deaths in a current or past calendar year.

Start of conflict Conflict Continent Location Cumulative fatalities Fatalities in 2020 Fatalities in 2021
1922 Arab separatism in Khuzestan Asia Iran 500+ 40[22] 70[9]
1946 Kurdish separatism in Iran
  • Iran–PJAK conflict
  • Western Iran clashes (2016–present)
 Asia Iran 15,000–58,000+[304] 60[305] [306] [307] [22] 89[89]
1950 Korean conflict Asia North Korea
South Korea 		3,000,000 2[89] 13[89]
1970 Western Sahara conflict
  • 2020–2021 Western Saharan clashes
 Africa Morocco
Saharawi Republic 		14,000–21,000+ 4[308] [214] 29[309]
1975 Cabinda War Africa Angola 30,000[310] 73[311] [33] 40[309]
1980 Internal conflict in Peru South America Peru 70,000[312] 45[9] 22[89] [313]
1982 Casamance conflict Africa Senegal 5,000+[314] 3[309] 23[309]
1987 Lord's Resistance Army insurgency Africa Democratic Republic of the Congo 100,000+ 27[315] [316] 2[89]
1994 Chiapas conflict North America Mexico 316[317] 0 8[318] [ better source needed ] [319]
2005 Insurgency in Paraguay South America Paraguay 111[n 15] [22] 18[n 16] [22] 34[320]
2015 ISIL insurgency in Tunisia Africa Tunisia 235+ 15[22] 19[89]
2016 Kamwina Nsapu rebellion Africa Democratic Republic of the Congo 5,150+[321] [22] 25[22] 2[322]

Deaths by country

This section details armed-conflict–related fatalities by country.

Conflict Deaths 17 Deadliest Countries 2015-2020

Conflict Deaths 17 Deadliest Countries 2015-2020

2015[e] 2016[e] 2017[f] 2018[g] 2019[h] 2020[h]
Rank Country Deaths Country Deaths Country Deaths Country Deaths Country Deaths Country Deaths
1 Syria Positive decrease55,219 Syria Positive decrease49,742 Syria Positive decrease39,000 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Negative increase35,941 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Negative increase41,735 Mexico Positive decrease34,512*
2 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Negative increase36,345 Mexico Negative increase23,953* [325] Mexico Negative increase31,174* Mexico Negative increase33,341*[326] Mexico Negative increase35,588* Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Positive decrease20,674
3 Iraq Negative increase24,113 Iraq Positive decrease23,898 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Positive decrease23,065 Yemen Negative increase22,201 Yemen Positive decrease16,050 Yemen Negative increase19,561
4 Mexico Positive decrease20,525*[327] Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Positive decrease23,539 Iraq Positive decrease13,187 Syria Positive decrease20,130 Syria Positive decrease11,244 Syria Positive decrease7,620
5 Nigeria Positive decrease8,122 Somalia Negative increase5,575 Myanmar Negative increase6,700+ Iraq Positive decrease4,920 Saudi Arabia Negative increase4,832 Nigeria Negative increase7,172
6 Yemen Negative increase6,425 Nigeria Positive decrease4,684 Somalia Positive decrease4,969 Nigeria Negative increase4,850 Somalia Positive decrease2,604 Democratic Republic of the Congo Negative increase6,162
7 Ukraine Positive decrease4,344 Sudan Negative increase3,891 South Sudan Positive decrease3,528 Somalia Positive decrease3,862 Libya Negative increase2,200+ Azerbaijan/ Artsakh Negative increase6,110
8 Somalia Positive decrease4,087 South Sudan Negative increase3,544 Nigeria Positive decrease3,432 Saudi Arabia Negative increase3,509 Iraq Positive decrease1,850< Somalia Negative increase2,950
9 Pakistan Positive decrease3,688[328] [329] Libya Negative increase2,865 Sudan Positive decrease2,450 Democratic Republic of the Congo Positive decrease1,757 Mali Positive decrease734+ Mali Negative increase2,734
10 South Sudan Positive decrease3,258 Turkey Negative increase2,013 Democratic Republic of the Congo Negative increase1,857 Mali Negative increase1,285 Egypt Positive decrease529+ Iraq Negative increase2,436
11 Sudan Positive decrease3,216 Pakistan Positive decrease1,803[328] [329] Central African Republic Negative increase1,757 South Sudan Positive decrease1,166 South Sudan Positive decrease519 Burkina Faso Negative increase2,268
12 Egypt Negative increase2,836 Egypt Positive decrease1,707 Libya Positive decrease1,564 India Negative increase988[330] India Positive decrease~403 South Sudan Negative increase2,245
13 Libya Positive decrease2,706 Democratic Republic of the Congo Positive decrease1,565 Egypt Positive decrease1,506 Cameroon Negative increase945 Democratic Republic of the Congo Positive decrease302+ Ethiopia Negative increase1,813
14 Democratic Republic of the Congo Negative increase1,699 Yemen Positive decrease1,375 Ethiopia Negative increase1,445 Ethiopia Positive decrease886 Colombia Positive decrease238 Mozambique Negative increase1,696
15 Cameroon Negative increase1,429 Ethiopia Negative increase1,114 Philippines Negative increase1,429 Central African Republic Positive decrease842 Cameroon Positive decrease234 Libya Positive decrease1,484
16 Nigeria Negative increase986 India Negative increase905[331] Yemen Positive decrease1,319 Pakistan Positive decrease736[332] Pakistan Positive decrease206 Cameroon Negative increase1,447
17 Myanmar Negative increase881 Ukraine Positive decrease902 Pakistan Positive decrease1,269[328] [329] Libya Positive decrease727 Thailand Negative increase163 Philippines Negative increase1,316

*Mainly homicides rather than battle-related casualties

See also

  • Outline of war and battles in the world (by date, region, type of conflict, deaths)
  • List of number of conflicts per year
  • List of wars: 2003–present
  • List of events named massacres
  • List of terrorist incidents
  • List of active separatist movements
  • List of active rebel groups
  • List of rebel groups that control territory
  • List of designated terrorist groups
  • List of wars extended by diplomatic irregularity
  • Protest
  • Frozen conflict
  • Uppsala Conflict Data Program
  • Casualty recording
  • Failed state

Notes

  1. ^ 19,561 in Yemen, 74 in Saudi Arabia
  2. ^ "The death toll remains disputed with figures ranging from 200,000 to 2 million."[183]
  3. ^ 313 in India, 5 in Pakistan
  4. ^ 280 in Pakistan, 40 in Iran
  5. ^ a b Data for African countries are based on ACLED, excluding riots/protests-related fatalities[75] [323]
  6. ^ Data for African countries are based on ACLED, excluding riots/protests-related fatalities[75] [77]
  7. ^ Data for African countries are based on ACLED, excluding riots/protests-related fatalities[75] [324]
  8. ^ a b Data for African countries are based on ACLED, excluding riots/protests-related fatalities[75]
  1. ^ See [56] [57] [58] [59] [60]
  2. ^ See [75] [76] [77]
  3. ^ See Casualties in 2020
  4. ^ See [83] [75] [84] [85]
  5. ^ See Casualties in 2020
  6. ^ See Casualties in 2020
  7. ^ See[75] [134] [135] [136]
  8. ^ See [160] [161] [162] [163] [164] [165] [166] [167] [168] [169] [170] [171] [172] [173]
  9. ^ See [185] [186] [187]
  10. ^ See [190] [191] [192] [193] [194]
  11. ^ See [260] [261] [262] [263] [264] [265]
  12. ^ See Casualties in 2020
  13. ^ See Casualties in 2020
  14. ^ See Casualties in 2021
  15. ^ See Insurgency in Paraguay#Casualties
  16. ^ See Casualties in 2020
  1. ^ Combined estimated death tolls of each conflict since 2003

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  322. ^ "LA RD CONGO ENQUÊTE SUR L'ASSASSINAT DE DEUX EXPERTS DE L'ONU". www.msn.com.
  323. ^ "Realtime Data (2016)". ACLED. Archived from the original on 18 January 2016.
  324. ^ "Realtime Data". ACLED. 13 June 2019.
  325. ^ "En 2016 se registraron 23,953 homicidios en México". El Economista (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 September 2018.
  326. ^ "Criminal Violence in Mexico". Global Conflict Tracker . Retrieved 10 December 2019.
  327. ^ Redacción. "Durante el 2015 hubo 20,525 homicidios en México: INEGI". El Economista . Retrieved 30 September 2018.
  328. ^ a b c "Datasheet Pakistan 2007 to present". satp.org . Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  329. ^ a b c "Fatalities in Terrorist Violence in Pakistan 2000-2018| Terrorist Violence in Pakistan| Violence in Pakistan". www.satp.org . Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  330. ^ SATP [1] Terrorism record - 937 killed in 2018. In fighting with Pakistan 51 Indians were killed, 26 Indian civilians [2] and 25 Indian soldiers.[3] In total 988 were killed in India due to fighting/war and violence/terrorism.
  331. ^ "India 2005 to present". satp.org . Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  332. ^ SATP [4] Terrorism record - 697 killed in 2018. In fighting with India 39 Pakistanis were killed, 30 Pakistani Civilians [5] and 9 Pakistani Soldiers were killed.[6][7][8][9][10] In total 736 were killed in Pakistan due to fighting/war and violence/terrorism.

External links

  • Major Episodes of Political Violence 1946–2019 – List of armed conflicts compiled by Dr. Monty G. Marshall, director of the Center for Systemic Peace, based on research sponsored by the Political Instability Task Force.
  • UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia – Uppsala Conflict Data Program of the Department of Peace and Conflict Research at Uppsala University.
  • Armed Conflicts Report Interactive Map, by Project Ploughshares.
  • Global Conflict Tracker Archived 8 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine, by the Council on Foreign Relations.
  • CrisisWatch – Monthly bulletin, interactive map and database on ongoing conflicts by the International Crisis Group.
  • Map of the world's conflicts, by IRIN.
  • Global Security coverage of ongoing wars
  • History Guy's coverage of 21st century wars
  • Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research (HIIK)
    • Conflict Barometer – Describes recent trends in conflict development, escalations, and settlements
  • Insight on Conflict – Database on peace-building initiatives in areas of conflict
  • Mapped: Where are the World's Ongoing Conflicts Today? an infographic map on ongoing conflicts

Chapter 29 Section 3 a Global Conflict Guided Reading

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ongoing_armed_conflicts

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